Fundamentals of Solid State of Physics: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 5 Notes

Unit 5: Fundamentals of Solid State of Physics [6 hours] Syllabus: Crystal Structure, Crystal Bonding, Classical and Quantum mechanical free electron model, Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penny model, Tight-binding approximation, conductors, insulators and semiconductors, effective mass and holes. Crystal Structures and Bonding in Solids Introduction Crystal Structures Crystal Bonding Free Electron Theories of Solids Introduction Classical Free … Read more

Semiconductor and Semiconductor devices: : B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 6 Notes

Unit 6: Semiconductor and Semiconductor devices [8 hours] Syllabus: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Electrical conductivity of semiconductors, Photoconductivity, Metal-metal junction: The Contact Potential, The Semiconductor diode, Bipolar junction transistor (BJT), Field effect transistor (FET). Semiconductors Introduction Intrinsic Semiconductors Extrinsic or Impure Semiconductors Electrical Conductivity of Semiconductors Photoconductivity Semiconductor Devices Introduction Metal-Metal Junction The Semiconductor Diode … Read more

Download Physics for Computer Science Students, Garcia Narciso, Damask Arthur Pdf: Springer Verlag

About Physics for Computer Science Students: If you are a computer science student who wants to learn more about the physical principles and phenomena that underlie modern electronics and computing, you might be interested in reading Physics for Computer Science Students by Narciso Garcia, Arthur Damask. Physics for Computer Science Students is a Important Resource … Read more

Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes

Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes

Unit 7: Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits [8 hours]

Syllabus:

Universal Gates, RTL, and TTL gates, Memory Circuits, Clock circuits, Semiconductor purification: Zone refining, Single crystal growth, Processes of IC production, Electronic component fabrication on a chip.

Some Basic Logic Circuits of Computers

    • Introduction
    • Rudiments of Boolean Algebra
    • Electronic Logic Circuits
    • Semiconductor Gates
    • NAND and NOR Gates
    • Other Gates, RTL and TTL
    • Memory Circuits
    • Clock Circuits

    The Technology of Manufacturing Integrated Circuits

      • Introduction
      • Semiconductor Purification: Zone Refining
      • Single-Crystal Growth
      • The Processes of IC Production
      • Electronic Component
      • Conclusion


      Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits Notes

      Complete Handwritten and PDF Note of CSIT, 1st Semester Unit 7 Physics: Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits:

      Boolean Algebra:

      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes
      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes
      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes
      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes
      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes
      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes
      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes
      Boolean Algebra:Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits: B.Sc. CSIT Physics Unit 7 Notes

      Universal Gates:

      91 Physics Important Question for Class 12 NEB Exam

      Class 12 Physics Important Question

      This article contains 91 important questions of Class 12 Physics based on the revised syllabus of NEB Exam 2079 & 2080.

      These are important physics questions for class 12 neb electricity and magnetism section.

      Electricity and Magnetism Chapter is more tough so, you can practice as much as question..

      NEB Grade 12 Physics Important Question
       Physics Important Question for NEB Examination

      Electrical Circuits Class 12 Notes | Physics

      UNIT:14 
      Electrical circuits: Electricity and Magnetism

      Physics 12 Complete CURRICULUM
      14.1 Understand Kirchhoff’s law as well as use it to calculate unknown parameters in electrical circuits
      14.2 Describe the circuit diagram and working of the Wheatstone bridge circuit and Understand its importance in the real situation
      14.3 Describe Meter bridge and understand it
      14.4 Know the construction, working and importance of potentiometer
      14.5 Understand the concepts of superconductors
      14.6 Know the meaning of perfect conductors and distinguish it from superconductors
      14.7 Learn the technique to covert galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter
      Physics NEB Scope and sequence
      14.1 14.1 Kirchhoff’s Law
      14.2 14.2 Wheatstone bridge circuit; Meter bridge
      14.3 14.3 Potentiometer: Comparison of e.m.f., measurement of internal resistance of a cell
      14.4 14.4 Superconductors; Perfect conductors
      14.5 14.5 Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter ; Ohmmeter
      14.6 14.6 Joule’s law
      Electrical Circuits | Complete NEB notes for Class 12 |

      Complete Class 12 Physics Electrical Circuits Notes for NEB Board Exam.

      The rate of flow of electrons in a conductor is called Electric current.

      The path for transmitting Electric current is an Electric circuit.


       14.1 Kirchhoff’s Laws

      1.Kirchhoff ’s Current Law (KCL) or the Junction Rule:

      KCL states that the algebraic sum of currents at a junction of an electric circuit is zero. i.e.

      ∑ I=0.
      Kirchhoff's current law
      Fig: Kirchhoff’s current law

      Sign Conventions for KCL:

      • Current entering the junction(node) is considered positive.
      • Current leaving the junction is considered negative.

      Suppose currents I1, I5, and I4are entering the junction, and the currents I2and I3leaving the junction as shown in the figure alongside. Then using the sign convention, KCL for this case can be written as:

      ➢ I1+I5+I4+(-I2)+ (-I3) =0
      ➢ Or, I1+I5+I4= I2+ I3

      Or, Total current entering the junction = Total current leaving the junction

      #KCL is based on the law of conservation of charge or the non-accumulation of charge.

      (note: accumulation of charge means when two conductors come together then the electron flow from one another and one will have more electrons than the other and positive and negative charges are developed = accumulation of charge.
      due to this phenomenon like lighting occurs)

      Read more

      NEB Class 12 Computer Model Question 2080 Solution

      NEB Class 12 Computer Model Question Paper 2079 With Solution

      In this post, we are going to discussed about the Answer Question Solution of NEB Class 12 Computer Science Model Question 2079 for 2080 Batch, released by National Educational Board.

      Class 12 Computer MODEL Question

      NEB Class 12 MODEL Question is given as:

      Group A

      Rewrite the correct options of each question in your answer sheet. (9×1=9)

      1. In which normal form of database, atomicity is introduced?

      A) First
      B) Second
      C) Third
      D) Fourth

      2. Which of the following techniques is not implemented to protect a database?

      A) Rollback
      B) Backup
      C) Recovery
      D) Firewall

      3. Which one of the following SQL commands is executed to display all the records having a second letter in the LNAME (LAST NAME) as “A” from the customer table?

      A) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “?A%”;
      B) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “_A%”;
      C) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “A%”;
      D) SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE LNAME LIKE “%A”;

      4. Which of the following is an incorrect IP address?

      A) 192.168.0.1
      B) 192.168.1
      C) 172.255.0.0
      D) 202.10.79.4

      5. Which of the following is a server-side scripting language?

      A) JavaScript
      B) MySql
      C) PHP
      D) Jquery

      6. Which of the following keywords are used to declare a variable in JavaScript?

      A) int or var
      B) float or let
      C) var or let
      D) char or var


      7. Which of the following commands is executed in PHP to concatenate the variables $x with $y?

        A) $x + $y
        B) $x=$y
        C) concat ($x,$y)
        D) $x.$y

      8. Which statement is incorrect about the object-oriented approach?

      A) Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.
      B) Data is hidden and cannot be accessed.
      C) Objects communicate through functions.
      D) It supports abstract data but not the class.

      9. Which of the following feasibility study is concerned with cost benefit analysis?

      A) Technical feasibility
      B) Economic feasibility
      C) Operational feasibility
      D) Schedule feasibility

      Group B

      Short Answer Questions

      10. Which type of database system (centralized or distributed) is mostly preferred by financial institution like a bank? Give any four suitable reasons.

      OR

      Nowadays most of the business organizations prefer applying relational model for database design in comparison to other models. Justify the statement with your arguments.


      11. Develop a program in JavaScript to exchange/swap the values of any two variables.

       OR

      How can you connect a database with PHP? Demonstrate with an example.
      Solution:


      12. Describe the concept of Object Oriented and Procedure Oriented Programming in brief.


      13. Write down any five qualities of good software.


      14. Explain mobile computing with its advantages and disadvantages.

      Read more

      Social Studies & Life Skill: NEB Class 12 Model Question Solution 2080

      Latest Model Set of Class 12 Compulsory Social Studies and Life Skill Education Model For the Board Exam 2079/80. The most recent Compulsory Social Studies and Life Skill Model Set for Class 12 Board Exam 2079/80 is now available as: Compulsory Social Studies and Life Skill Model Question 2079/80 Download Com. Social Studies and Life … Read more

      Ionic Equilibrium Class 12 Chemistry Notes

      Unit 2: Ionic Equilibrium

      Complete Exercise note of Ionic Equilibrium of unit 2 Class 12 Chemistry for 2080.

      Read: Unit 1 Volumetric Analysis Class 12 Chemistry Notes

      Unit 2: Ionic Equilibrium Course Content
      2.1 Explain the limitations of Arrhenius’s concepts of acid and bases.
      2.2 Define Bronsted and Lowry’s concepts for acids and bases.
      2.3 Define conjugate acids and conjugate bases.
      2.4 Identify conjugate acid-base pairs of Bronsted acid and base
      2.5 Define and explain Lewis acids and bases.
      2.6 Use the extent of ionization and dissociation constant of acid (Ka) and base (Kb)
      2.7 Explain the ionization constant of water and calculate pH and pOH in an aqueous medium using Kw values;
      2.8 Show understanding of, and use, the concept of solubility product Ksp.
      2.9 Calculate Ksp from concentrations and vice versa.
      2.10 Show understanding of the common ion effect.
      2.11 Describe the application of the solubility product principle and common ion effect in precipitation reactions.
      2.12 Define a Buffer and show with equations how a Buffer system works.
      2.13 Explain the choice of suitable indicators for acid-base Titrations and describe the changes in pH during acid-base Titrations.
      2.14 Define and differentiate different types of salts (simple salts, double salts, complex salt, acidic salts, basic salts, and neutral salts).
      2.15 Explain hydrolysis of salts (salts of strong acid and strong base, salts of weak acid and strong base, and salts of weak base and strong acid)

      Chemical Kinetics Class 12 Chemistry Notes

      Complete Class 12 Chemistry Unit 3 Chemical Kinetics Notes. Chemicals Kinetics Course content 3.1 Define chemical kinetics. 3.2 Explain and use the terms rate of reaction, rate equation, and rate constant. 3.3 Explain qualitatively factors affecting the rate of reaction 3.4 Use collision theory to explain how the rate of a chemical reaction is influenced … Read more