Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions & Topics NEB 2080

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In this post, we will cover the most important chemistry questions and topics for the NEB (Board Exam) as well as internal exams.


We provide the most important Physical Chemistry questions for NEB Exam by chapters.


Important Question and topic for Chemistry in NEB Exam
Important Question and Topics Class 12 Chemistry 2080 NEB Board Exam

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Unit:1. Volumetric Analysis

  1. What are primary and secondary standard solutions? 
  2. What are the requisites for a substance to be a primary standard?
  3. Define molarity and normality. Write their relationship.
  4. What is meant by redox titration?
  5. How is a suitable indicator selected for a particular titration?

Define the terms:

  • Normality 
  • Molarity
  • Normality factor
  • Endpoint and Equivalent point
  • Titration error
  • Semi-normal solution and Decinormal solution
  • Indicator
  • Alkalimetry
  • Acidimetry
  • Basicity of acid
  • Acidity of base
  • Gram equivalent weight

Unit:2. Ionic Equilibrium

  1. State Ostwald’s dilution law. What is the limitation of this law?
  2. Define pH and pOH. Write their relation.
  3. What will happen when HCl gas is passed over a saturated solution of NaCl, also Explain the principle involved?
  4. Acid and Base 
  5. Bronsted Acid and Bronsted Base.
  6. Conjugate acid and conjugate Base pair of NH3?
  7. Define Lewis Acid and Base with Examples?
  8. Write Limitation of Lewis Acid and Lewis Base?
  9. Define the Common ion effect?
  10. Application of Common ion effect?
  11. Solubility product principle and its application.
  12. What is the ionic product of water?

Define:

  • Acidic salt
  • Degree of ionization

Unit:3. Chemical Kinetics

  1. Define chemical kinetics.
  2. Define the rate of Chemical reaction.
  3. Define the half-life of a reaction.
  4. Factors affecting the rate of reaction.
  5. Write rate law.
  6. What is the rate constant? Write its unit?
  7. What do you mean by the order of a reaction?
  8. Define the first ( 1st) order reaction with its unit?
  9. What is meant by Instantaneous rate of reaction?
  10. Differentiate between the order and molecularity of a reaction?
  11. How do concentration, temperature, Catalyst, and surface area of reactants affect the rate of reaction?
  12. What is meant by the effective collision of reacting species? What are the essential conditions for the effective collision of reacting species?
  13. Find the unit of rate constant of zero, first, and second order reaction.
  14. Arrhenius equation
  15. Catalyst and catalysis
  16. Homogenous catalysis
  17. Heterogeneous Catalysis
  18. Enzyme
  19. Explain the role of catalyst in the reaction mechanism

Explain these terms:

  • Rate of reaction
  • Rate equation
  • Rate constant
  • Activation energy
  • Effective collision
  • Proper orientation

Unit:4. Thermodynamics

  1. Define thermodynamics
  2. What is the physical concept of entropy?
  3. First law of thermodynamics
  4. Second law of thermodynamics
  5. Third law of thermodynamics
  6. State and Explain Hess’s law of constant heat summation.
  7. Predict the criteria of spontaneity in light of entropy change.

Explain the terms:

  • Entropy
  • Enthalpy
  • Gibb’s free energy
  • Spontaneous process
  • Non-spontaneous process
  • Exothermic process
  • Endo thermic process
  • Isothermal Process
  • Adiabatic Process
  • Isobaric Process
  • Isochoric Process
  • Cyclic process

Unit:5. Electrochemistry

  1. What is Electro Chemistry?
  2. What are Electrodes?
  3. Standard electrode( redox ) potential
  4. Hydrogen electrodes
  5. Calomel Electrodes
  6. Electrochemical series
  7. Application of Electrochemical series
  8. Standard Hydrogen Electrode
  9. Cell potential and free energy change
  10. What is a cell? Explain its types.
  11. Commercial cell

Some Important Questions of Physical Chemistry for Class 12 Chemistry

  • Selection of indicators.
  • Different concepts of acids and bases and their limitations
  • Common ion effect and solubility product principle and its application salt analysis (precipitation reaction).
  • Buffer solution.
  • Faraday’s laws of electrolysis.
  • Standard electrodes.
  • Hess law.
  • Prediction of feasibility/ spontaneity of reactions in terms of free energy change, entropy change, and enthalpy change.
  • Differences between order and molecularity of a reaction.
  • Collision theory of reaction rate.
  • Factors affecting rate of reaction.
  • Derivation of integrated rate equation and half-life for a first-order reaction.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

SET 1: Characteristics of Transition metals:

  1. Variable oxidation state
  2. Formation of complexes
  3. Reason for colored complexes
  4. Catalytic property
  5. Magnetic property.
  6. CFT for the octahedral complex.

SET 2: Extraction  of :

  1. (Blister) copper from copper pyrites.
  2. Steel (Mainly Open Hearth process)
  3. Iron from iron pyrites.
  4. Zinc from zinc blend ( sulphide ore).
  5. Mercury from cinnabar (HgS) ore.

SET 3: Chemistry of:

  1. Blue vitriol ( CuSO4.5H2O)
  2. White vitriol ( ZnSO4. 7H2O)
  3. Zinc white ( ZnO)
  4. Calomel (Hg2Cl2)
  5. Corrosive sublimate (HgCl2)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

SET 1: Lab preparation ( Reaction only) of : 

  • Chloroform (trichloro methane )
  • Nitrobenzene
  • Formic acid (methanoic acid)
  • Aniline
  • Diethyl ether (Ethoxy ethane)

SET 2: Almost one sure :

  • Identification of 1, 2, and 3 alcohols by Victor Meyer’s method.
  • Separation of 1, 2, and 3 amines by Hoffmann’s method.

SET 3: Name reactions:

  1. Aldol condensation reaction
  2. Cannizaro’s reaction
  3. Perkins condensation
  4. Claisen Condensation reaction.
  5. Benzoin condensation
  6. Carbylamine reaction
  7. Reimer Tiemann reaction
  8. Coupling reaction( preparation of azo dyes)
  9. Diazotization reaction
  10. Friedel- Craft’s reaction
  11. Hoffmann’s Bromamide reaction( De carbonylation reaction)
  12. Esterification reaction
  13. Carbonylation reaction (Oxo process)
  14. Williamson’s etherification reaction
  15. Rosenmund reduction

SET 4: Test reaction:

  1. Iodoform test
  2. Silver mirror test( reaction with Tollen’s reagent)
  3. Nitrous acid test of 10, 20, and 30 amines.
  4. 2,4 – DNP test
  5. Carbylamine test ( test of primary amines)

SET 5: Important reactions:

  1. Reduction of nitrobenzene in a different medium.
  2. Preparation of alcohols using a Grignard reagent.
  3. Oxidation of alcohols.
  4. Fermentation
  5. All reactions of chloroform.

SET 6: Reactions to prepare: (with one use)

  1. DDT
  2. Picric acid
  3. BHC
  4. Urotropin
  5. Chloropicrin
  6. TNT

SET 7 : Convert:

  1. 1-bromopropane to 2- bromopropane and vice-versa.
  2. 1- propanol to 2- propanol and vice versa.
  3. Methenamine to ethanamine and vice versa.
  4. Phenol to anisole(methoxy benzene) and vice versa.
  5. Ethoxy ethane to methoxy ethane.
  6. Phenol/aniline to azo-dye.
  7. Ethanal/ ethanol to 3-hydroxy butanal.
  8. Ethanol to 2- hydroxy propanoic acid.
  9. Propanone(acetone) to 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propanoic acid.
  10. Phenol to toluene.
  11. Ethanol to propanol/ propanoic acid.
  12. Methanamide to ethanamine.

Some Important  questions of Organic Chemistry:

  1. Why is chloroform stored in a dark bottle containing ethanol?
  2. Why does chloroform not give white ppt. with aq. AgNO3?
  3. Why is nucleophilic substitution reaction difficult in haloarene?
  4. Why is the boiling point of ethanol greater than that of ethoxy ethane?
  5. Why is phenol more acidic than aliphatic alcohol?
  6. Why does nitrobenzene undergo an electrophilic substitution reaction at the meta position? ( Explain why –the NO2 group is meta-directing towards electrophilic aromatic substitution)
  7. Why is chlorobenzene o/p – directed towards an electrophilic substitution reaction?
  8. It is dangerous to boil a sample of ether stored for a long time, give a reason.
  9. Ether is stored in a bottle containing iron wire, why?
  10. Give a suitable test to distinguish ethanamine from N-methyl methenamine.
  11. Write a chemical test to distinguish ethanoic acid(acetic acid) from methanoic acid(formic acid).
  12. Why is a chloroacetic acid stronger acid than acetic acid?
  13. Why is a formic acid stronger acid than acetic acid?
  14. Why an amino group of aniline is protected before nitration? (Aniline can not be nitrated directly, why?)
  15. Write the functional isomers of C3H6O with their IUPAC name. Give a chemical test to distinguish them.
  16. Write an unsymmetrical ether of C3H8O. How would you prepare this ether using Williamson’s synthesis?
  17. Write down possible isomeric amines of C3H9N and give their IUPAC names.

What happens when:

  1. Sodium benzoate is heated with soda lime.
  2. Phenol is heated with zinc dust.
  3. Chlorobenzene is treated with chloral.
  4. Ethyl alcohol(ethanol) is treated with acetic acid(ethanoic acid)
  5. Phenol is treaded with aq. Br2.
  6. Aniline is treated with aq. Br2.
  7. Phenol is treated with benzene diazonium chloride.
  8. Ethoxy ethane is treated with excess HI.
  9. Methanal(formaldehyde) is treated with ammonia.
  10. Methanal/benzaldehyde is treated with NaOH.
  11. Ethanal/propanone is treated with NaOH.
  12. Aldehyde/ketone is treated with hydroxyl amine.
  13. Ethanol is heated with conc. H2SO4.
  14. Acetic acid is treated with P2O5.

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C Programming Syllabus: B.Sc. CSIT 1st Semester 2080

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Explore the complete syllabus for a C programming course for CSIT students at Tribhuvan University. Discover the topics covered, including problem solving with computers, the elements of C, input and output, and more.

Learn about the laboratory work that will provide hands-on experience with C programming and the recommended books that can aid in your understanding of the material. Get a clear understanding of the expectations for the course and plan your studies accordingly.

C Programming Complete Syllabus: B.Sc.CSIT 1st Semester 2079



C Programming Syllabus

General Information

Course B.SC. CSIT
Course Title C Programming
Course No CSC110
Nature of the course Theory + Lab
Semester I (First)
Full Marks 60 + 20 + 20
Pass Marks 24 + 8 + 8
Credit Hrs. 3

CHAPTER LIST: C PROGRAMMING

S.N. Chapter
Unit 1 Problem Solving with Computer
Unit 2 Elements of C
Unit 3 Input and Output
Unit 4 Operators and Expression
Unit 5 Control Statement
Unit 6 Arrays
Unit 7 Functions
Unit 8 Structure and Union
Unit 9 Pointers
Unit 10 File Handling in C
Unit 11 Introduction to Graphics

Course Description : This course covers the concepts of structured programming using C programming language.

Course Objective : This course is designed to familiarize students to the techniques of programming in C.

Course Contents

The Syllabus of C Programming of BSc CSIT 1st Semester is given as:

Unit 1: Problem Solving with Computer

Course Duration: 2 Hours

Problem analysis, Algorithms and Flowchart, Coding, Compilation and Execution, History of C, Structure of C program, Debugging, Testing and Documentation.

Unit 2: Elements of C

Course Duration: 4 Hours

C Standards( ANSI C and C99), C Character Set, C Tokens, Escape sequence, Delimiters, Variables, Data types (Basic, Derived, and User Defined), Structure of a C program, Executing a C program, Constants/ Literals, Expressions, Statements and Comments.

Unit 3: Input and Output

Course Duration: 2 Hours

Conversion specification, Reading a character, Writing a character, I/O operations, Formatted I/O

Unit 4: Operators and Expression

Course Duration: 4 Hours

Arithmetic operator, Relational operator, Logical or Boolean operator, Assignment Operator, Ternary operator, Bitwise operator, Increment or Decrement operator, Conditional operator, Special Operators(size of and comma), Evaluation of Expression, Operator Precedence and Associativity.

Unit 5: Control Statement

Course Duration: 4 Hours

Conditional Statements, Decision Making and Branching, Decision Making and Looping, Exit function, Break and Continue.

Unit 6: Arrays

Course Duration: 6 Hours

Introduction to Array, Types of Array (Single Dimensional and Multidimensional), Declaration and Memory Representation of Array, Initialization of array, Character Array and Strings, Reading and Writing Strings, Null Character, String Library Functions( string length, string copy, string concatenation, string compare)

Unit 7: Functions

Course Duration: 5 Hours

Library Functions, User defined functions, Function prototype, Function call, and Function Definition, Nested and Recursive Function, Function Arguments and Return Types, Passing Arrays to Function, Passing Strings to Function, Passing Arguments by Value, Passing Arguments by Address, Scope visibility and lifetime of a variable, Local and Global Variable,

Unit 8: Structure and Union

Course Duration: 5 Hours

Introduction, Array of structure, Passing structure to function, Passing array of structure to function, Structure within structure ( Nested Structure), Union, Pointer to structure

Unit 9: Pointers

Course Duration: 6 Hours

Introduction, The & and * operator, Declaration of pointer, Chain of Pointers, Pointer Arithmetic, Pointers and Arrays, Pointers and Character Strings, Array of Pointers, Pointers as Function Arguments, Function Returning pointers, Pointers and Structures, Dynamic Memory Allocation

Unit 10: File Handling in C

Course Duration: 4 Hours

Concept of File, Opening and closing of File, Input Output Operations in File, Random access in File, Error Handling in Files

Unit 11: Introduction to Graphics

Course Duration: 3 Hours

Concepts of Graphics, Graphics Initialization and Modes, Graphics Function

Laboratory Works

This is the first “programming” course in B.Sc.CSIT. It builds the foundation on how to write a program using any high level language.

Hence, this course requires a lot of programming practice so that students will be able to develop good logic building and program developing capability which is essential throughout the B.Sc.CSIT course and thereafter.

20% of the total marks is assigned from the practical. Some important contents that should be included in lab exercises are as follows:

Unit 1

Lab Time: 2 Hours

Create, compile, debug, run and test simple C programs

Unit 2,3,4

Lab Time: 5 Hours

Using different data types available in C, perform arithmetic operations in C, perform formatted input/output operations, perform character input/output operations.

Using relational operator, logical operator, assignment operator, ternary operator, and other operators. Evaluation of Expression to check operator precedence and associativity.

Unit 5

Lab Time: 6 Hours

Create decision making programs using control statements like; if, if..else, if..else ladder, nested if, and switch cases.

Create programs using loops (for, while, do while, nested loops) and realize the differences between entry controlled and exit controlled loops.

Unit 6

Lab Time: 6 Hours

Create, manipulate arrays and matrices (single and multi-dimensional), work with pointers, dynamically allocate/de-allocate storage space during runtime, manipulate strings (character arrays) using various string handling functions.

Unit 7

Lab Time: 6 Hours

Create user-defined functions with/without parameters or return type, create recursive functions, use function call by value and call by address, work with automatic, global and static variables.

Unit 8

Lab Time: 5 Hours

Create and use simple structures, array of structures, nested structure. Passing structure and array of structure to function, concept of pointer to structure.

Unit 9

Lab Time: 6 Hours

Create programs that addresses pointer arithmetic, pointers and arrays, pointer and character strings, pointers and functions, pointer and structure, and dynamic memory allocation.

Unit 10

Lab Time: 5 Hours

Create files that address random access and input/output operations in file, create files to keep records and manipulation of records etc.

Unit 11

Lab Time: 4 Hours

Create graphics program that address some basic functions of graphics.h header file, e.g. line(), arc(), circle(), ellipse(), floodfill(), getmaxx(), getmaxy() etc.

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Introduction to Information Technology Syllabus: B.Sc. CSIT 2080

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Introduction to Information Technology Syllabus covers the basic concepts of Computer and Information technology, including hardware, software, memory, input/output, data representation, database, network and data communication, internet, multimedia, and computer security.

The main objective of the CSIT course is to provide students with a fundamental understanding of these concepts and technologies.

The course is divided into 11 units, each focusing on a specific topic. Students will learn about the history and characteristics of computers, the components of a computer system, different types of memory, input and output devices, data representation, computer software, data communication and computer networks, the internet and internet services, database fundamentals, multimedia, and computer security.

The course also includes laboratory work to give students practical experience with hardware components, operating systems, word processors, spreadsheets, presentation graphics, and more. By the end of the course, students should have a solid foundation in the fundamental concepts of computer and information technology.

Introduction to Information Technology Syllabus: B.Sc.CSIT 2079



Introduction to Information Technology Syllabus

General Information

Course B.SC. CSIT
Course Title Introduction to Information Technology
Course No CSC109
Nature of the course Theory + Lab
Semester I (First)
Full Marks 60 + 20 + 20
Pass Marks 24 + 8 + 8
Credit Hrs. 3

CHAPTER LIST: Introduction to Information Technology

S.N. Chapter
Unit 1 Introduction to Computer 
Unit 2 The Computer System Hardware
Unit 3 Computer Memory
Unit 4 Input and Output Devices
Unit 5 Data Representation
Unit 6 Computer Software
Unit 7 Data Communication and Computer Network
Unit 8 The Internet and Internet Services
Unit 9 Fundamentals of Database
Unit 10 Multimedia
Unit 11 Computer Security

Course Description : This course covers the basic concepts of computer and information technology, including introduction, hardware, software, memory, input/output, data representation, database, network and data communication, internet, multimedia and computer security.

Course Objective : The main objective of this course is to provide students knowledge of fundamental concepts of computers and information technology.

Course Contents

Introduction to Information Technology Syllabus of CSIT 1st Semester is given as:

Unit 1: Introduction to Computer

Course Duration: 3 Hours

Introduction; Digital and Analog Computers; Characteristics of Computer; History of Computer; generations of Computer; Classification of Computer; The Computer System; Application of computers.

Unit 2: The Computer System Hardware

Course Duration: 3 Hours 

Introduction; Central Processing Unit; Memory Unit; Instruction Format; Instruction Set; Instruction Cycle; Microprocessor; Interconnecting the Units of a Computer; Inside a Computer Cabinet.

Unit 3: Computer Memory

Course Duration: 4 Hours 

Introduction, Memory Representation, Memory Hierarchy, CPU Registers, Cache Memory, Primary Memory, Secondary Memory, Access Types of Storage Devices, Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disk, Optical Disk, Magneto-Optical Disk, How the Computer uses its memory.

Unit 4: Input and Output Devices

Course Duration: 4 Hours 

Introduction, Input-Output Unit, Input Devices, Human Data Entry Devices, Source Data Entry Devices, Output Devices, I/O Port, Working of I/O System.

Unit 5. Data Representation

Course Duration: 6 Hours 

Introduction, Number System, Conversion from Decimal to Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal, Conversion of Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal to Decimal, Conversion of Binary to Octal, Hexadecimal, Conversion of Octal, Hexadecimal to Binary, Binary Arithmetic, Signed and Unsigned Numbers, Binary Data Representation, Binary Coding Schemes, Logic Gates.

Unit 6: Computer Software

Course Duration: 6 Hours 

Introduction, Types of Software, System Software, Application Software, Software Acquisition, Operating System (Introduction, Objectives of Operating System, Types of OS, Functions of OS, Process Management, Memory Management, File Management, Device Management, Protection and Security, User Interface, Examples of Operating Systems).

Unit 7: Data Communication and Computer Network

Course Duration: 5 Hours 

Introduction, Importance of Networking, Data Transmission Media, Data Transmission across Media, Data Transmission and Data Networking, Computer Network, Network Types, Network Topology, Communication Protocol, Network Devices, Wireless Networking.

Unit 8: The Internet and Internet Services

Course Duration: 4 Hours 

Introduction, History of Internet, Internetworking Protocol, The Internet Architecture, Managing the Internet, Connecting to Internet, Internet Connections, Internet Address, Internet Services, Uses of Internet, Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT), Wearable Computing, and Cloud Computing, Introduction to E-commerce, E-governance, and Smart City, and GIS.

Unit 9: Fundamentals of Database

Course Duration: 4 Hours 

Introduction, Database, Database System, Database Management System, Database System Architectures, Database Applications, Introduction to Data Warehousing, Data mining, and Bigdata.

Unit 10: Multimedia

Course Duration: 3 Hours 

Introduction, Multimedia – Definition, Characteristics of Multimedia, Elements of Multimedia, Multimedia Applications.

Unit 11: Computer Security

Course Duration: 3 Hours 

Introduction, Security Threat and Security Attack, Malicious Software, Security Services, Security Mechanisms (Cryptography, Digital Signature, Firewall, Users Identification and Authentication, Intrusion Detection Systems), Security Awareness, Security Policy.

Laboratory Works

After completing this course, students should have practical knowledge of various hardware components of computer, operating systems, Word Processors, Spreadsheets, Presentation Graphics, management Systems, and Internet and its services.

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Physics Syllabus: B.Sc. CSIT 1st Semester 2080

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Physics Syllabus covers the fundamental principles of physics and its applications in computer science and information technology.

The syllabus is divided into 7 units, each focusing on a specific topic. Students will learn about rotational dynamics and oscillatory motion, electric and magnetic fields, the fundamentals of atomic theory, methods of quantum mechanics, the fundamentals of solid state physics, semiconductors and semiconductor devices, and universal gates and the physics of integrated circuits.

Physics Complete Syllabus: B.Sc. CSIT 1st Semester 2079

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Physics Syllabus

General Information

Course B.SC. CSIT
Course Title Physics
Course No PHY113
Nature of the course Theory + Lab
Semester I (First)
Full Marks 60 + 20 + 20
Pass Marks 24 + 8 + 8
Credit Hrs. 3

CHAPTER LIST: Physics

S.N. Chapter
Unit 1 Rotational Dynamics and Oscillatory Motion
Unit 2 Electric and Magnetic Field
Unit 3 Fundamentals of Atomic Theory
Unit 4 Methods of Quantum Mechanics
Unit 5 Fundamentals of Solid State Physics
Unit 6 Semiconductor and Semiconductor devices
Unit 7 Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits

Course Description : This course covers the fundamentals of physics including oscillations, electromagnetic theory, and basics of quantum mechanics, band theory, semiconductors and universal logic gates and finally physics of manufacturing integrated circuits.

Course Objective : The main objective of this course is to provide knowledge in physics and apply this knowledge for computer science and information technology.

Course Contents

Physics Syllabus of B.Sc. CSIT 1st Semester is given as:

Unit 1: Rotational Dynamics and Oscillatory Motion

Course Duration: 5 Hours

Moment of inertia and torque, Rotational kinetic energy, Conservation of angular momentum, Oscillation of spring: frequency, period, amplitude, phase angle and energy.

Unit 2: Electric and Magnetic Field

Course Duration: 5 Hours

Electric and magnetic field and potential, Force on current carrying wire, magnetic dipole moment, Force on a moving charge, Hall effect, Electromagnetic waves

Unit 3: Fundamentals of Atomic Theory

Course Duration: 8 Hours

Blackbody radiation, Bohr atom, Spectrum of Hydrogen, Franck-Hertz experiment, de Broglie’s hypothesis and its experimental verification, Uncertainty principle and its origin, matter waves and the uncertainty principle, group velocity.

Unit 4: Methods of Quantum Mechanics

Course Duration: 5 Hours

Schrodinger theory of quantum mechanics and its application, Outline of the solution of Schrodinger equation for H-atom, space quantization and spin, Atomic wave functions

Unit 5: Fundamentals of Solid State Physics

Course Duration: 6 Hours

Crystal structure, Crystal bonding, Classical and quantum mechanical free electron model, Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penny model, Tight-binding approximation, conductors, insulators and semiconductors, effective mass and holes.

Unit 6: Semiconductor and Semiconductor devices

Course Duration: 8 Hours

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Electrical conductivity of semiconductors, Photoconductivity, Metal-metal junction: The contact potential, The semiconductor diode, Bipolar junction transistor (BJT), Field effect transistor (FET).

Unit 7: Universal Gates and Physics of Integrated Circuits

Course Duration: 8 Hours

Universal gates, RTL and TTL gates, Memory circuits, Clock circuits, Semiconductor purification: Zone refining, Single crystal growth, Processes of IC production, Electronic component fabrication on a chip.

Laboratory Works

Students should able to perform at least one experiment from units 1, 2 and 5, 6, 7. The details of the experiment will be provided in the manual.

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Mathematics I Syllabus: B.Sc. CSIT 1st Semester 2080

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Mathematics I B.Sc. CSIT Syllabus covers a range of topics in mathematics, including functions, limits, continuity, differentiation, integration, and more. The course is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in the principles of mathematics and prepare them for further study in the field. The syllabus is divided into 10 units, each focusing on … Read more

Digital Logic Syllabus: B.Sc. CSIT 1st Semester 2080

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B.Sc. CSIT Digital Logic Syllabus is a comprehensive course that covers the fundamental principles of digital logic and its applications in computer science and engineering. The syllabus is divided into 7 units, starting with an introduction to binary systems and Boolean algebra and covering topics such as logic gates, simplification of Boolean functions, combinational logic, … Read more

Transition Metals: Class 12 Inorganic Chemistry Notes

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Unit 6. Transition metals Unit 6 Transition Metals 6.1 Explain characteristics of transition metals. 6.2 Explain oxidation states of transition metals. 6.3 Describe complex ions and metal complexes. 6.4 Show shapes of complex ions. 6.5 Describe d-orbitals in complex ions (simple explanation by crystal field theory) for octahedral complex. 6.6 Explain reasons for the colour … Read more

Class 12 Computer Syllabus, Specific Grid, Model Questions 2080

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Welcome to our post on the Class 12 Computer Science specific grid, curriculum, syllabus, and model question for the Nepal Examination Board (NEB) board exam in 2079. In this post, we will provide students with all the necessary information they need to succeed in their Class 12 Computer Science Exams. Table of Contents Syllabus: Class … Read more

Haloarenes Notes: Class 12 Organic Chemistry

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Unit 9: Haloarenes 9.1 Describe briefly the nomenclature and isomerism of haloarenes. 9.2 Show the preparation of chlorobenzene from benzene and benzene diazonium chloride. 9.3 State physical properties of haloarenes. 9.4 Describe the low reactivity of haloarenes as compared to haloalkanes in terms of nucleophilic substitution reaction. Reaction (i) With NaOH, Zinc dust (ii) With … Read more