Chapter 11: Phenols
NEB Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Phenol Organic Chemistry Notes, Exercise Question Answer, With PDF For academic year 2081-2082.
Class 12 Chemistry Unit 11 Phenol Syllabus
| Section | Unit 11. Phenols (4 hrs) Topic |
|---|---|
| 11.1 | Introduction and nomenclature |
| 11.2 | Preparation of phenol from:
|
| 11.3 | Physical properties of phenol |
| 11.4 | Chemical properties |
| 11.4.1 | Acidic nature of phenol (comparison with alcohol and water) |
| 11.4.2 | Action with NH3, Zn, Na, benzene diazonium chloride, and phthalic anhydride |
| 11.4.3 | Acylation reaction, Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer-Tiemann’s reaction |
| 11.4.4 | Electrophilic substitution: nitration, sulphonation, bromination, and Friedel-Craft’s alkylation |
| 11.5 | Test of phenol:
|
| 11.6 | Uses of phenol |
Introduction to Phenol
Phenols are hydroxy derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons. In phenol hydroxy group (-OH) is directly attached to an aromatic ring. The general formula of phenol is;
Ar-OH
Phenol PDF – Class 12 Chemistry
phenolsPhenol Important Questions:
- Write any three methods of preparation of phenol.
- Why is phenol o,p-director?
- Convert phenol to
- a) salicylic acid
- b) saicyaldehyde
- c) picric acid
- d) azo-dye
- e) phenolphthalein.
- Convert phenol to nitrobenzene and vice-versa.
- Convert aniline to phenol andvice-versa.
Read More:
Class 12 Chemistry Notes
Alcohols Notes – Class 12 Chemistry
What are phenols?
Phenols are a class of chemical compounds characterized by a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group (often a benzene ring).
How are phenols prepared?
Common methods include:
From chlorobenzene
From diazonium salts
From benzene sulfonic acid
How can phenol be tested?
Methods such as the FeCl3 test, aqueous bromine test, and Libermann test.
What are the uses of phenol?
Applications in industries like pharmaceuticals, plastics, and as an antiseptic.
